Langone, Michael D., Ph.D.: "Reply to Xie"

Information on cults, cultic groups, psychological manipulation, psychological abuse, spiritual abuse, brainwashing, mind control, thought reform, abusive churches, extremism, totalistic groups, new religious movements, alternative and mainstream religions, group dynamics, exit counseling, recovery, and practical suggestions for those affected by or interested in these subjects.

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Cultic Studies Review, Vol. 6, No. 3, 2007

Reply to Xie

Michael D. Langone, Ph.D.

Abstract

This reply respects Xie’s (2007) comment on Langone (2007), but takes issue on two points. First, the limitations of science cannot be invoked to justify a particular metaphysical belief system. Second, through deviance amplification, a noncultic group can indeed be made more cultic through persecution.

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