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AFF Conference Events
October 14, 2004, Atlanta, GA
Understanding Cults, New Religious Movements, and Other Groups
Presenters' Biographical Sketches
Edward Abdallah was a
member of a bible based community from the age of 16 until leaving at 32.
Carmen Almendros is a
doctoral student in the Clinical and Health Psychology Program at the
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. She has received a public research grant and
teaches a postgraduate course in clinical psychology at the same university.
Sandy Andron, Ed.D., is
Director of Education at Temple Kol Emeth, in Atlanta, Ga. He is a consultant on
current trends in education and for over 25 years was Director of the
Community’s Religious Education High School program, CAJE, in all of Dade
County, Florida. His cult work includes creation of a high school curriculum,
"Cultivating Cult-Evading," and lecturing on the topic world-wide. He
was the recipient of the Leo J. Ryan Award in 1988, from the former
Cult Awareness Network, where he served as vice-president for five years and was
the primary media resource in south Florida for over a quarter century. Some of
his many specialty areas include, education (he has taught all grades through
graduate school), the gifted, the martial arts, and psychic magic.
Livia Bardin, M.S.W., Therapist, Clinical
Social Worker. Ms. Bardin specializes in cult-related cases. A member of the
Family Therapy Practice Academy of the Clinical Social Work Federation, she
chairs AFF's Family Workshop Advisory Board and has presented AFF-sponsored
workshops for family and friends of cult members. Ms. Bardin is a Licensed
Independent Clinical Social Worker in the District of Columbia and a Licensed
Clinical Social Worker–C in Maryland. Currently in private practice, she has
provided trainings on cult-related issues for mental health professionals in the
Washington area and is the author of Coping with Cult Involvement, a
handbook for families and friends of cult members. (liviabardin@aol.com)
Lois Bernard, LCSW, Therapist, Clinical
Social Worker. Ms. Bernard has specialized in the treatment of child and
adolescent survivors of sexual abuse and trauma for the past fifteen years. She
will share her experience of involvement in a one-on-one cultic relationship
even as she observed the gradual erosion of her identity from a clinical
distance. She will expand upon the similarities between the methods of
mind control used in standard cult involvement and the methods used within the
more intimate setting of a one on one cultic relationship. Implications for
recovery from abusive relationships using the principles of Steve Hassan's
Strategic Interaction Approach will be explored.
Miriam Williams Boeri, Ph.D., is an
assistant professor at Kennesaw State University in Georgia. She is also a
research manager for drug studies at Emory University in Atlanta. Her research
focuses on ethnographic data collection and analysis of deviant behaviors,
including drug subcultures and new religious movements. She has written one book
on a new religious movement and currently is working on a book covering her
dissertation work on heroin and methamphetamine users. Her papers have been
accepted in The Journal of Ethnography and Human Organization. She
is interested in finding ways to apply sociological insights to the everyday
practices of those who work with society’s marginal groups.
(mboeri@kennesaw.edu)
William H. Bowen is the
president of Silentlambs, Inc., a non-profit organization dedicated to helping
survivors of abuse. A second-generation Jehovah's Witness, he has been active in
the movement for 43 years and served as an elder starting in 1985.
Craig Branch, M.R.E., is
President and Director of Apologetics Resource Center. Prior to that, Mr.
Branch was Vice President of Watchman Fellowship, one of the largest Christian
counter-cult ministries. Mr. Branch is a board member of Evangelical Ministries
to New Religions (a consortium of a large number of Christian ministries to
cults and NRMs), and of Wellspring. He is chair of AFF's Clergy Relations
Committee.
Rebecca Bruce, L.C.S.W.,
M.B.A., is currently working as a counselor in private practice in Grove
City, PA. She received her BA in Psychology at Russell Sage College, her MSW
from the University of Pennsylvania, and her MBA in Health and Medical Services
Administration from Widener University. She is a former member of NATLFED (the
National Labor Federation).
Ron
Burks, Ph.D., holds an M. Div. and an M.A.
in counseling from Asbury Theological Seminary and a Ph. D. in Counselor
Education from Ohio University. His dissertation is entitled, “Cognitive
Impairment in Thought Reform Environments.” He is licensed in Ohio as a
Professional Clinical Counselor and has worked at Wellspring Retreat and
Resource Center in Albany, OH, since 1993, researching the emotional
aftereffects of cults and counseling ex-cultists with the psychological and
spiritual issues of recovery. Dr. Burks was involved in the Fort
Lauderdale/Shepherding movement for 17 years. After exiting the group, he and
his wife, Vicki, shared their experiences in Damaged Disciples: Casualties of
Authoritarian Churches and the Shepherding Movement, published by
Zondervan. Their book has been helpful for many recovering from a variety of
authoritarian Bible-based groups.
José Antonio Carrobles, Ph.D., is Full Professor of Personality,
Assessment and Treatment and Director of the Biological and Health Psychology
Department of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. His work focuses in the areas
of Psychopathology and Clinical and Health Psychology. He is President of the
European Association for Behavioural & Cognitive Therapies (EABCT). He has
directed numerous Doctoral Theses and is author of an important number and
variety of articles and books in his areas of specialization. He has organized
and participated in numerous national and international psychology congresses,
among which stands out his participation as President of the Scientific
Committee at the "23rd International Congress of Applied Psychology" held in
Madrid in 1994. He is member of the Editorial Boards of several national and
international journals.
David Clark, Thought Reform Consultant, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Mr. Clark has been active in this field for more than 20 years and is the chair
of AFF’s Video Education Committee. Mr. Clark is on the Board of the Leo J.
Ryan Education Foundation and reFOCUS. He was a contributing author for the
Practical Guidelines for Exit Counseling chapter in the W.W. Norton book,
Recovery from Cults. In 1985 (David Clark) he received the Hall of Fame Award
from the "original" Cult Awareness Network He was a founding member of the
"original" Focus and reFOCUS, a national support network for former cult
members He has been a national and international conference speaker on the
topic of cults and has been interviewed by newspapers, radio and TV stations on
the topic of mind control and cults for over two decades. David Clark was the
2004 American plenary speaker at Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the Ukraine
for the F.P.P.S. International Scientific-Practical Conference with
the presentation title of "Thought Reform Consultation, Youth Cult Education
Preparation and Sect Family Intervention Work". (cultspecs2@comcast.net)
Helen W. Coale has been
in practice as a clinical social worker and marriage and family therapist in
Atlanta, GA since 1969. She has worked in both public and private agencies and,
in 1979, founded the Atlanta Area Child Guidance Clinic, an innovative private
practice clinic and training program for therapists. She does clinical work
with children, adolescents, adults, and families, provides supervision and
consultation to other mental health professionals, and lectures on ethics,
family therapy, brief therapy, humor in psychotherapy, therapeutic use of self,
parent-child issues, therapeutic issues with children, working with difficult
couples, and many other mental health topics. She is the author of The
Vulnerable Therapist: Practicing Psychotherapy in an Age of Anxiety
(Haworth Press, 1998), All About Families The Second Time Around
(Peachtree Publishers, 1980), and numerous book chapters and journal articles.
She serves on the Georgia Composite Board of social workers, marriage and family
therapists and professional counselors.
Dan Dugan is well-known
in audio engineering as the inventor of the automatic microphone mixer. His
patented equipment is used in thousands of churches, courtrooms, including the
U.S. Supreme Court, and television shows, including the David Letterman Show and
Hollywood Squares. In addition to engineering, Dan has a lively interest in
philosophy, particularly skepticism, the philosophy of science, and current
controversies about scientific paradigms and alternative medicine. He is the
Secretary of PLANS (People for Legal and Nonsectarian Schools, Inc.), a
whistle-blowing organization opposing taxpayer funding of Waldorf education.
Steve K. D. Eichel, Ph.D., ABPP, is a
licensed and Board Certified Counseling Psychologist. Dr. Eichel is a
Co-Founder of RETIRN (Philadelphia, PA) and was a 1990 recipient of the John G.
Clark Award for Distinguished Scholarship in Cultic Studies. He is a former
president of the Greater Philadelphia Society of Clinical Hypnosis and
President-Elect of the American Academy of Counseling Psychology.
(steve@DrEichel.com)
Philip Elberg, Esq.
is a partner in the Newark, New Jersey law firm of
Medvin and Elberg. He represented several plaintiffs in a lawsuit against Kids
of North Jersey, a treatment center for adolescents with "behavior disorders."
The case was initiated as a medical malpractice action but evolved into a claim
that the treatment center operated as a destructive cult for the benefit of its
founder, Miller Newton. The case was settled on the eve of trial for $4,500,000.
A reported New Jersey Court decision describes Mr. Elberg's work on the case as
"heroic." He currently represents another patient of the same facility who was
treated at Kids for thirteen years and has become committed to obtaining public
awareness of the potentially dangerous practices of some adolescent treatment
facilities.
Lawrence Foster, Ph.D.,
is a professor of American history at Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta
and past president of the Communal Studies Association and the Mormon History
Association (although he is not a Mormon). He has written dozens of articles
and three books—Religion and Sexuality (Oxford University Press, 1981),
Women, Family, and Utopia (Syracuse University Press, 1991), and Free
Love in Utopia (University of Illinois Press, 2001)—on controversial
19th-century American religious “cult” groups, such as the celibate Shakers,
“free love” Oneida Community, and polygamous Mormons. (larry.foster@hts.gatech.edu)
Mike Garde BD., H Dip. ED, CPE, was born
in South Africa, but has lived most of his life in Ireland. He is working
towards an MA at the Milltown Institute in Dublin, Ireland on the Magnificat
Meal Movement, a traditionalist Catholic Movement centered on devotion to the
Eucharist and devotion to the Virgin Mary, which has evolved into Cultic
movement. He is the field worker of Dialogue Ireland, an independent Trust that
researches NRMs and Cultic movements. He is involved in thought reform
consultation, providing information to the public and the media on NRMs. The
main focus of his educational work is in providing high school students with an
educational encounter with NRMs to prepare them for the transition to College.
(dialogueireland@esatclear.ie; web site: www.esatclear.ie/~dialogueireland)
Mary Garden B.Ed., Dip. Tchng., is a
writer who lives in Queensland, Australia. Her book The Serpent Rising: a
journey of spiritual seduction is based on her extraordinary experiences in
India in the 1970’s with various gurus including Rajneesh, Sai Baba and Balyogi
Premvarni. First published in 1987, a second revised edition was published in
late 2003 (Sid Harta Publishers). She also co-authored (with Bernard Gunther)
Bhagwan’s Neo-Tantra (Harper & Row, 1980). Mary writes on a range of issues
for newspapers, magazines and journals. A major feature article The Trouble
with Gurus: Mary Garden issues a travel warning for seekers of spiritual
enlightenment was published last year in Australia’s leading newspaper, The
Australian Financial Review. She has spoken about her experiences on radio and
television, at universities and schools. (marygarden@bigpond.com;
www.users.bigpond.com/marygarden)
Peter Georgiades, Esq., is an attorney and
counselor at law practicing in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Washington, D.C. A
graduate of Carnegie-Mellon (1973) and George Washington (1977) Universities, he
is licensed to practice law in Pennsylvania and the District of Columbia.
Between 1980 and 1995, his practice consisted primarily of representing the
victims of cults and authoritarian groups, nationwide. Over the years he has
successfully recovered millions of dollars from a wide array of cults and their
leaders. His last major cult case was Robert A. Miller, et al. v. Tony and
Susan Alamo Foundation, a federal case which resulted in a $2.8 Million
judgment, and an IRS investigation that resulted in the conviction of Tony Alamo
for tax fraud and the imposition of a six year prison term. See
www.greystonelaw.com.
Carol Giambalvo is an ex-cult member who
has been a Thought Reform Consultant since 1984 and a cofounder of reFOCUS, a
national support network for former cult members. She is on AFF’s Board of
Directors, Director of AFF’s Recovery Programs, and is responsible for its
Project Outreach. Author of Exit Counseling: A Family Intervention,
co-editor of The Boston Movement: Critical Perspectives on the International
Churches of Christ, and co-author of “Ethical Standards for Thought Reform
Consultants,” Ms. Giambalvo has written and lectured extensively on cult-related
topics. (affcarol@worldnet.att.net)
Lorna Goldberg, M.S.W., L. C. S. W.,, a
therapist in private practice, has co-led a support group for ex-cult members
with her husband, William, for over 25 years. She is on the Board of Directors
of AFF and is Dean of Faculty, Institute for Psychoanalytic Studies, Teaneck,
New Jersey. Mrs. Goldberg has written extensively for social work and AFF
publications. (blgoldberg@aol.com)
William Goldberg, M.S.W., L.C.S.W., a
therapist in private practice, has co-led a support group for ex-cult members
with his wife, Lorna, for over 25 years. He is Director of the Community
Support Center and The Young Adult Center of the Rockland County (NY) Department
of Mental Health. Mr. Goldberg also teaches at Dominican College.
Rick Halpern is founder of Torah Atlanta
and Author of Choose Life: A Counter-Missionary Study Guide.
John Holland is a creative marketing
consultant living in the San Francisco Bay Area. He completed his undergraduate
studies in Political Science at the University of California, Berkeley. Mr.
Holland will give his personal story behind Waldorf and how it led him to create
one of the most comprehensive Waldorf education web sites online.
(john@openwaldorf.com)
Josep Maria Jansà, M.D.,
is a medical doctor specializing in public health and preventive medicine. Since
interning at AFF in 1985, he has worked with AIS (Assistance and Investigation
on Social Addictions), where he has assisted families, group members, and former
group members. At present he is the medical director of AIS, a cult clinic
specialized in the treatment of cult-related effects, which has dealt with more
than 2000 patients since January 1986. Dr. Jansà has
participated in research initiatives and issued various publications on this
topic. He also works as the head of the addictions department at the Public
Health Agency of Barcelona.
Joseph F. Kelly, a thought reform
consultant since 1988, spent 14 years in two different eastern meditation
groups. He has lectured extensively on cult-related topics, and is a co-author
of “Ethical Standards for Thought Reform Consultants,” published in AFF’s
Cultic Studies Journal. (freecognition@mindspring.com)
Dennis King
is a writer and researcher who
has studied political cults for almost 30 years. He is the author of Lyndon
LaRouche and the New American Fascism (Doubleday, 1989), Get the Facts on
Anyone (3rd Ed., Macmillan Reference USA, 1999), and numerous investigative
pieces for newspapers and magazines.
Mary Kochan,
a Former Jehovah’s Witness, is Lead Content Editor and Contributing Author,
CatholicExchange.com. Her tapes and CDs about various aspects of destructive
cultism are published by St. Joseph Communications.
Janja Lalich, Ph.D., is
Assistant Professor of Sociology at California State University, Chico. Her
research and writing has focused on cults and controversial groups, with a
specialization in charismatic authority, power relations, ideology, and social
control, and issues related to gender and sexuality. Her most recent book,
Bounded Choice: True Believers and Charismatic Cults, (University of
California Press) presents a new approach to understanding cult commitments, and
is based on her comparative study of Heaven’s Gate, which committed collective
suicide in 1997, and the Democratic Workers Party, a radical left-wing political
cult. Other works include being guest editor of Women Under the Influence: A
Study of Women’s Lives in Totalist Groups (a special issue of Cultic
Studies Journal 14,1, 1997); and coauthor of “Crazy” Therapies: What Are
They? Do They Work? (Jossey-Bass, 1996); Cults in Our Midst (Jossey-Bass,
1995); and Captive Hearts, Captive Minds: Freedom and Recovery from Cults
and Abusive Relationships (Hunter House, 1994). (JLalich@csuchico.edu)
Michael D. Langone, Ph.D., a counseling
psychologist, is AFF’s Executive Director. He was the founder editor of
Cultic Studies Journal (CSJ), the editor of CSJ’s successor, Cultic
Studies Review, and editor of Recovery From Cults. He is co-author
of Cults: What Parents Should Know and Satanism and
Occult-Related Violence: What You Should Know. Dr. Langone has spoken and
written widely about cults. In 1995, he received the Leo J. Ryan Award from the
"original" Cult Awareness network and was honored as the Albert V. Danielsen
visiting Scholar at Boston University. (aff@affcultinfoserve.com)
Scott Lilienfeld, Ph.D.,
received his A.B. from Cornell University in 1982 and his Ph.D. in 1990 in
Psychology (Clinical) from the University of Minnesota. He completed his
clinical internship from 1986 to 1987 at Western Psychiatric Institute and
Clinic in Pittsburgh. He is currently Associate Professor of Psychology at
Emory University in Atlanta. Dr. Lilienfeld is founder and editor of the new
journal, Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice and is past
(2001-2002) President of the Society for a Science of Clinical Psychology, which
is Section III within Division 12 (Society of Clinical Psychology) of the
American Psychological Association (APA). He is a member of eight journal
editorial boards, including the Journal of Abnormal Psychology,
Psychological Assessment, and Clinical Psychology Review, and he has
served as an external reviewer for over 40 journals, numerous books, and several
federal grant proposals. Dr. Lilienfeld has published over 100 articles, book
chapters, and books in the areas of personality disorders (e.g., psychopathic
personality), antisocial behavior, personality assessment, anxiety disorders,
psychiatric classification and diagnosis, and questionable practices in clinical
psychology. In addition, he is co-editor (along with Steven Jay Lynn and
Jeffrey Lohr) of Science and Pseudoscience in Clinical Psychology, which
was published in 2003 Guilford Press, and co-author of the book, What's Wrong
With the Rorschach? Science Confronts the Controversial Inkblot Test, which
was published in 2003 by Jossey-Bass. He is a regular contributor to, and
Consulting Editor for, Skeptical Inquirer magazine. His work on the
Rorschach Inkblot Test and related measures has been featured in the New York
Times, Science Times section, the Los Angeles Times, and Scientific American
magazine, and he has appeared on ABC's 20/20, CNN, National Public Radio,
Canadian Public Radio, and numerous other radio stations. In 1998, Dr.
Lilienfeld received the David Shakow Award for Outstanding Early Career
Contributions to Clinical Psychology from APA Division 12.
Sharon Lombard, B.F.A., is an ex-Waldorf
parent. She is an artist living in Miami, Florida with her family.
J. Anna Looney, Ph.D.,
completed her doctoral work in Sociology at Rutgers University. Her dissertation
on the meaning at midlife of cult membership in young adulthood is an empirical
analysis of longitudinal panel data from the Urban Communes Data Set. Looney has
worked closely with Ben Zablocki as a research assistant and data collector,
conducting interviews with respondents who are current and ex-members of
intentional communities. In addition to her scholarly interest in New Religious
Movements, Social Psychology and the Life Course, she has taught undergraduate
courses in Social Gerontology, Research Methods, Sociology of the
Family, Sociology of Women, and Criminology. (looney@sociology.rutgers.edu)
Joyce Martella
is the daughter of a leader of a pseudo-Christian cultic group, Isot, in
Northern California. Born and raised in this group, she left after 25 years.
She has been cut off from her siblings and mother for over 15 years. She is
currently working in a Batterer's Intervention Program and pursuing a doctorate
in Depth Psychology.
Michael Martella was raised in a Bible-based cult for 20 years, leaving
in 1980. He is a licensed counselor and an expert in domestic violence treatment
in San Diego, California. Over the last three years, he has conducted seven
“Cult Survivor Workshops” for ex-cult members, and he is currently writing his
doctoral dissertation on “Cult Wounds and Cult Healing.”
Paul Martin, Ph.D., a former member and
leader of Great Commission International (currently called Great Commission
Association of Churches), is a psychologist and Director of the Wellspring
Retreat and Resource Center in Albany, Ohio, a residential rehabilitation center
for ex-cult members. Dr. Martin is author of Cult-Proofing Your Kids.
He has written numerous articles on cults, including several contributions to
Cultic Studies Journal, and has been interviewed by many newspapers and
radio and TV stations concerning cults.
Kimberlee D. Norris, J.D., is a former
journalist and an attorney from the firm of Love & Norris in Fort Worth, Texas
whose practice is limited to sexual molestation litigation nationwide. She
presently represents 43 men, women and children who were sexually molested while
attending Jehovah’s Witnesses congregations throughout the United States. Ms.
Norris has lectured extensively concerning the impact and effect of sexual
molestation on children. She also serves as a child safety consultant for
churches and organizations whose activities involve children. She can be
reached by email at:
kdnorris@lovenorris.com.
Patrick Ryan, a former member of
Transcendental Meditation, has been a thought reform consultant since 1984. He
designs and implements AFF's Internet Web site. Mr. Ryan is the founder and
former head of TM-ex, the organization of ex-members of TM. He has contributed
to AFF’s book, Recovery From Cults, is co-author of "Ethical Standards
for Thought Reform Consultants," and has presented programs about hypnosis and
trance-induction techniques at several AFF workshops and conferences. (Patrick.ryan@affcultinfoserve.com)
Alan W. Scheflin, J.D., LL.M.,
President of AFF, is Professor of Law at Santa Clara University Law School in
California. Among his many publications is Memory, Trauma Treatment, and the
Law (co-authored with Daniel Brown and D. Corydon Hammond), for which he
received the 1999 Guttmacher Award from the American Psychiatric Association.
Professor Scheflin is also the 1991 recipient of the Guttmacher Award for
Trance on Trial (with Jerrold Shapiro). A member of the Editorial Advisory
Board of AFF’s Cultic Studies Review, Professor Scheflin received the
2001 American Psychological Association, Division 30 (Hypnosis), Distinguished
Contribution to Professional Hypnosis Award. This is the "highest award that
Division 30 can bestow." He was also awarded in 2001 The American Board of
Psychological Hypnosis, Professional Recognition Award. This Award was created
to honor his achievements in promoting the legal and ethical use of hypnosis.
Phyllis Shulman is a Medical Administrator
for an Atlanta Orthopaedic Pediatric practice. Ms. Shulman has lived in Atlanta
since 1980. In 1997 she became involved with the Atlanta Center for Social
Therapy as a patient. After 5-1/2 years she ended her relationship with this
group and has been involved in cult education ever since.
Peter Staudenmaier is a
graduate student in history at Cornell University and a faculty member at the
Institute for Social Ecology. His research focuses on the intellectual and
cultural history of the German right. He is co-author of the book Ecofascism:
Lessons from the German Experience, and is currently writing a book on
Rudolf Steiner's racial theories.
Alexandra Stein, M.L.S., is a writer and a
doctoral candidate in the Department of Sociology at the University of
Minnesota. She has been active in cult education for over ten years. Her first
book, Inside Out: A Memoir of Entering and Breaking Out of a Political Cult
(North Star Press) appeared in 2002. She lives in Minneapolis with her two
children.
Erika Van Meir, L.M.F.T.,
is a licensed marriage and family therapist currently in private practice in
Atlanta Georgia. She has a B.A in Sociology from the University of California at
San Diego and an M.A. in Marriage and Family Counseling from the University of
San Diego. Erika was involved as an intern with the Atlanta Center for Social
Therapy from the Spring of 2000 till early 2002. Since getting out, she has
been active in speaking about ethical problems in guru-led psychotherapy groups
and has since counseled many people with concerns about a group involvement. In
addition to her private practice, Erika helps facilitate support and education
groups for former members of abusive/totalitarian groups.
Peter J. Vere, J.C.L., M.C.L., is a
doctoral candidate in the canon law program of Saint Paul University in Ottawa
Canada. During his late teens and early twenties, Mr. Vere became an adherent
to Archbishop Lefebvre's SSPX schism. Having since reconciled with the Catholic
Church, Mr. Vere's writings on the SSPX schism have been published in popular
and professional Catholic publications. He is currently married to his college
sweetheart and together they have two children.
Gary Wilkerson, M.Ed., is
a graduate of the counseling psychology program at Temple University and has
been employed as a Social Worker for 25 yrs. For the past 15 years he has
worked for the City of Philadelphia Department of Human Services Children and
Youth. He also consults as a Forensic Drug and Alcohol counselor and provides
mobile therapy to families and hard-to-manage children in their homes. A
certified trainer for the State of Pennsylvania, he provides training on
cross-cultural parenting styles and is developing a program for training social
workers, entitled "Understanding Cults." He became interested in cults through a
personal study on various religions, and this study on the Nuwaubians is an
ongoing part of that study.
Michael Winship (PhD,
Cornell University) is a professor and coordinator of the graduate program in
the History Department at the University of Georgia. His two children and his
wife are Waldorf graduates.
Diana Winters is a former
Waldorf parent and teacher's aide who works as an editor in Philadelphia, PA.
Benjamin D. Zablocki, Ph.D., Professor of
Sociology at Rutgers University has been studying cults, communes, and charisma
for 36 years. He is the author of The Joyful Community (1971) and
Alienation and Charisma (1980) as well as numerous articles on these
topics. He is co-editor (with Thomas Robbins) of a book, Misunderstanding
Cults: Searching for Objectivity in a Controversial Field, published in 2001
by University of Toronto Press. This book attempts to find a middle ground
between the theories of the “cult apologists” and the theories of the
“anti-cultists.” (zablocki@sociology.rutgers.edu.)
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